This core course covers major subjects related to the geosphere, the solid part of the Earth and one of the five major disciplines of the revised TIGP-ESS curriculum. These subjects range from geology to geophysics and geochemistry, and the objective is to equip students with fundamental knowledge that is useful in pursuing advanced courses and developing research topics. Through lecture, discussion, practical sessions, and group learning, students have the opportunity to acquire understanding of individual subjects and the potential links between them.